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The most complete Glossary of Wine terms in Italian and English

 Italian-English Wine terms

download pdf here or scroll down to consult
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A
abboccato off-dry; slightly sweet 
acciaio (inossidabile) (stainless) steel 
acerbo unripe; green 
acidità acidity 
acido acid, especially acetico (acetic), lattico (lactic), malico (malic), and tartarico (tartaric) 
acidulo acidic; having excessive (sour) acidity 
acino grape; berry (pl acini) 
affinamento finishing; refinement (of a wine after vinification and blending, before release) 
agronomo agronomist; an agricultural scientist 
alcol, alcool alcohol, especially alcol etilico (ethyl alcohol or ethanol) 
amabile semisweet; demisec (16–50 g/l residual sugar) 
amaro (adj) bitter; (n) a bitter liqueur 
amarognolo having a slightly bitter aftertaste 
ambra amber (color) 
ambrato “ambered”; turning brown 
ampio ample; rich, complex, and balance 
anice anise; licorice flavor 
anidride carbonica carbon dioxide 
anidride solforosa sulfur dioxide 
annata vintage; year of harvest 
antociani anthocyanins 
appassimento the process of drying grapes -raisining
armonico harmonious; balanced; proportionate 
aromatico aromatic; having a rich, usually floral, aroma 
arricchimento enrichment; increasing the sugar content of grape must 
asciutto dry, but not too acidic 
assaggio (n) taste; sample (of wine) 
assemblaggio blending of wines 
autoclave autoclave; pressurized tank
autoctono autochthonous; native to the place where it is growing; indigenous 
azienda agricola wine estate; a farm that grows grapes and produces its own wine
azienda vinicola a winemaking firm that buys most or all of its grapes from growers
B
bacca grape; berry (a more general botanical term than acino) 
barile small wine barrel, typically made of wood and holding about 50 liters 
bianco white (pl bianchi)
bicchiere wineglass; drinking glass 
biodinamica biodynamic (agriculture) 
biologica organic (agriculture) 
bocca/in bocca palate/on the palate
bollicine bubbles
botrizzato botrytized; affected by botrytis (muffa nobile-noble rot) 
botte wine barrel, normally made of wood and of any size but usually 200 liters or more (plbotti) 
bottiglia bottle (pl bottiglie) 
buccia (d’uva)  grape skin
C
caldo hot (alcoholic) 
cannella cinnamon 
cantina cellar; winery 
cantina sociale winery cooperative 
caratello small wine barrel, typically made of wood and holding about 100 liters
caratteristico characteristic; appropriate for the named grape variety, region, or wine style
cascina farmhouse; rural wine estate 
castagno chestnut tree or wood (sometimes used for casks or tanks) 
cavatappi corkscrew 
cerasuolo cherry red; also, a wine of that color 
chiaretto claret; a color on the border between a deep rosato and a light red 
chiusura closure (of a wine bottle) 
classico classic, often used in reference to a historic wine region or a traditional style 
colle hill (pl colli) 
collina small hill (pl colline) 
collo neck (of a bottle) 
colmatura topping up (a barrel) 
colore color 
confezionamento packaging (closure and bottle) 
consorzio consortium, especially of wine producers in a specific region 
consumatore consumer 
consumo consumption 
cooperativo winery cooperative 
coppa cup; goblet; wide-mouthed wineglass 
corpo body 
corposo full-bodied 
corto short; having little persistence in the mouth 
cuoio leather
D
degustazione tasting, especially a formal tasting to evaluate wine 
denominazione denomination; appellation; place-name 
densità density (of a vineyard’s planting)
disciplinare document that sets forth the rules and standards for wine production in a defined region 
distributore distributor 
dolce sweet (about 50 g/l or more)
dolcificazione sweetening 
dorato golden 
dosaggio dosage; the liquid added to classic-method sparkling wine after disgorging for sweetening and topping up
E
effervescenza effervescence 
elaborazione elaboration; processing (of wine); winemaking 
elegante elegant 
enologia oenology; winemaking 
enologo oenologist; winemaker 
enoteca wine shop; wine bar 
equilibrato balanced 
erbaceo herbaceous; vegetal 
estratto extract; the components of a wine, apart from sugar, that would remain if all the liquid is evaporated 
etanolo ethanol 
etichetta label 
etichettatura labeling 
ettaro hectare (equivalent to 2.47 acres) 
ettolitro hectoliter (100 liters, equivalent to about 26.4 U.S. gallons or 11.1 cases)
F
fattoria farm; farmhouse; rural wine estate 
fecce, feccia sediment from the winemaking process; dregs; lees
fermentazione fermentation 
fillossera phylloxera root louse 
filtrato filtered
filtrazione filtration
fine elegant and harmonious
fiori flowers 
floreale floral; reminiscent of the aroma of flowers 
forzatura forcing; strengthening; causing unnaturally vigorous growth in a vineyard 
fragrante fragrant; perfumed; aromatic; fruity 
Frascati One of the first Italian wines to gain DOC status, along with Chianti.
fresco fresh; crisply acidic 
frizzante effervescent; fizzy; exhibiting carbon dioxide bubbles in solution, but at a lower pressure than a fully sparkling (spumante) wine 
frutta fruit 
fruttato fruity
G
giallo yellow 
giovane young; lacking maturity 
gradazione alcolica alcoholic content; equivalent to “proof” in the U.S. (titolo alcolometrico is preferred) 
granato garnet (color) 
grappa spirit made by distilling grape pomace (skins and seeds) 
grappolo (d’uva) grape bunch (pl grappoli) 
gusto (n) taste; flavor
I
imballaggio packing (putting wine bottles in containers for shipping or storing) 
imbottigliamento the bottling process
imbottigliato bottled 
impianto planting; implantation 
importatore importer 
intenso intense (in aroma, color, or flavor) 
invecchiamento the aging process 
invecchiato aged
L
leggero lightweight; low in alcohol 
legno wood 
lieviti yeast(pl)/lees
limpidezza clarity
liquoroso fortified; with added alcohol 
lotta biologica the vineyard pest control strategy of using only biological (organic) means to combat pests, rejecting all chemicals except copper and sulfur 
lotta guidata literally, guided struggle or reasoned fight; the vineyard strategy of using chemicals only when damage from pests and disease is imminent, rather than proactively on a routine schedule lotta integrata integrated pest management; the vineyard strategy of using biological and chemical means in a coordinated plan to combat pests
M
macerazione maceration 
macerazione carbonica carbonic maceration 
maderizzato maderized; oxidized 
malolattica malolactic (fermentation) 
marchio trademark; brand (pl marchi) 
mattonato brick red
maturazione maturation; aging 
maturo mature 
metodo Charmat the method of fermenting sparkling wine in pressurized tanks (autoclaves) and then transferring the wine into bottles under pressure; also called metodo Martinotti 
metodo classico the classic Champagne method of fermenting sparkling wine in the bottle in which it is sold 
metodo Martinotti another name for metodo Charmat, especially in Piemonte 
metodo tradizionale another name for metodo classico 
millesimato vintage dated, usually referring to sparkling wine 
minerali minerals 
monovitigno varietal; a wine made from a single grape variety 
morbido soft and balanced, with barely detectable sweetness and low to normal acidity 
mosto grape must; juice for winemaking 
muffa nobile noble rot; botrytis (Botrytis cinerea)
N
nero black 
novello (adj) new; (n) a light-bodied red wine made for release soon after harvest ''nouveau''
O
odore odour; aroma; smell 
ossidato oxidized; having been adversely affected by contact with air 
ossidazione oxidation
P
paglierino pale yellow; straw colored
passito wine made using partially dried ( raisined) grapes to increase the alcohol and/or sweetness level 
pergola traditional high training of vines overhead 
persistente having a prolonged finish
pesante heavy; overly alcoholic 
pieno full; full-bodied; rich 
pigiatura crushing; pressing 
podere farm; rural wine estate 
polifenoli polyphenols
polpa pulp; flesh 
porpora purple; crimson 
potatura pruning 
presa di spuma the process of creating the second fermentation for sparkling wines 
prezzo price 
produttore producer 
profumo perfume; aroma; nose 
provenienza provenance; place of origin
Q
qualità quality 
quercia oak
R
raspo stem (of a grape bunch); stalk 
resa yield (of grapes from a vineyard) 
retrogusto aftertaste
rifermentazione refermentation 
ripasso literally, re-passed; a wine whose alcoholic strength is increased and its complexity enhanced by combining it with the drained but still fermenting skins of a dried-grape wine to initiate a second fermentation
riserva reserve; a wine of longer aging and usually higher quality than the norm for that style 
robusto robust; full-bodied 
rosato (adj) rosy; (n) a pink or rosé wine 
rosso red 
rotondo round; well-balanced with moderate acidity
rovere oak 
rubino ruby (colour)
S
sapido sapid; flavorful; full-bodied 
sapore flavour/taste/palate 
sboccatura disgorgement 
scelto chosen; selected, referring to grape bunches or individual berries hand-harvested for quality
secco dry 
sesti spacing; distances; density (of vineyard plantings) 
solfato sulfate 
spuma foam; effervescence 
spumante sparkling (wine) 
struttura structure 
sughero cork (material) 
suolo soil 
superiore superior; a wine of a somewhat higher standard— most commonly slightly riper grapes—than the norm for that style
T
tannico tannic; rich in tannins 
tannino tannin (pl tannini); astringent compounds primarily found in grape skins and wood 
tappatura the corking process 
tappo (n) cork; closure; (adj) corked (aroma); affected by 2,4,6- trichloroanisole (TCA)
tappo a fungo mushroom cork (for sparkling wine) 
tappo a vite screw cap 
tenuta estate 
terreno terrain; land; soil
tipologia type; style (of wine) (pl tipologie) 
titolo alcolometrico volumico effettivo actual alcoholic strength 
titolo alcolometrico volumico naturale potential alcoholic strength before any enrichment 
titolo alcolometrico volumico potenziale potential alcoholic strength; the actual alcoholic strength that would be achieved if all sugars were fully fermented 
tranquillo still; not effervescent
U
uva grape 
uvaggio different grape types vinified together
V
vanilla vanilla 
varietà variety 
vecchio old 
vellutato velvety; soft and smooth on the palate 
vendemmia harvest
vendemmia tardiva late harvest 
vigna vineyard (pl vigne) 
vignaiolo grape grower; vine dresser 
vigneto vineyard, especially a large vineyard 
vinaccia, vinacce pomace; marc (pressed grape skins and seeds)
vinacciolo grape-seed
vinificazione vinification; winemaking 
vino wine (pl vini) 
vin santo literally, holy wine; a traditional wine style of Toscana characterized by an exceptionally long, slow fermentation of sweet juice from dried grapes in sealed barrels 
vinoso vinous; grapey; fresh and fruity like a young wine 
viola, violetta  violet; purple (color) 
vite vine (pl viti) 
viticoltore viticulturist; grape grower 
viticoltura viticulture 
vitigno grape variety (pl vitigni) 
vivace lively; youthful, sometimes slightly effervescent
Z
zucchero sugar 
zuccheri residui residual sugars




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